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[[File:Ubuntu.png|thumb|Ubuntu Logo.]]
[[File:Ubuntu.png|thumb|Ubuntu Logo]]
'''Ubuntu''' is a [[Debian]]-based [[GNU/Linux]] distribution aimed at being friendly to users new to GNU+Linux. Ubuntu is the most widely used GNU/Linux operating system in the world. Sadly Ubuntu ships with the plague that is [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unity_%28user_interface%29 Unity], along with Amazon Spyware built right into the search tool. Luckily, all of this can be painlessly removed; the user can be left with an easy-to-use operating system that respects (most) of its freedom, and is not impossible to use or maintain.
[[File:Ubuntu_20.04_desktop.png|thumb|The default desktop in Ubuntu]]
'''Ubuntu''' is a [[Debian]]-based [[GNU/Linux]] distribution pioneered by the evil genius and billionaire spaceman, [http://www.markshuttleworth.com/biography Mark Shuttleworth], along with his company [http://www.canonical.com/ Canonical]. It is aimed at being friendly to new Linux users, and is the most widely used Linux operating system in the world[http://www.itworld.com/article/2881172/survey-says-kde-plasma-is-the-most-popular-desktop-linux-environment.html][http://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/the-best-linux-distros-currently-available/]. Canonical, the company behind Ubuntu, offers great technical assistance and help, in the form of [http://ubuntuforums.org/ forums], and [http://www.ubuntu.com/support commercial support]. Ubuntu is an ancient African word meaning 'humanity to others'. It also means '[http://www.ubuntu.com/about/about-ubuntu I am what I am because of who we all are]', thus, the name Ubuntu, [http://www.ubuntu.com/about/about-ubuntu/our-philosophy embodies the spirit of FOSS development]. Unity, Ubuntu's former default interface, is also notable for its design philosophy, which has sparked mixed reactions amongst technology blogs and critics[http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2015/05/ubuntu-15-04-review-beauty-or-boring-is-in-the-eye-of-the-beholder/][http://www.networkworld.com/article/2466595/opensource-subnet/the-linux-desktop-a-week-review-ubuntu-unity.html]. Ubuntu can be downloaded [https://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/ here]. While the main release comes with the Gnome desktop environment, there exist a variety of officially supported variants (or "flavours") that ship with other desktop environments, some of which serve special use cases.


Unity, Ubuntu's default interface, is also notable for its design philosophy, which has sparked criticism. It should be known that Unity is merely another window manager, and that this default can be changed with ease.
== Ubuntu flavours ==
[[File:Xubuntu-default.png|thumb|The default desktop in Xubuntu]]
The officially recognized variants of Ubuntu are as follows:
*[https://www.xubuntu.org/ Xubuntu] uses the Xfce desktop environment (and is probably the most popular *ubuntu on /g/)
*[https://lubuntu.me/ Lubuntu] uses the LXQT desktop environment
*[https://ubuntubudgie.org/ Ubuntu Budgie] uses the Budgie desktop environment, popularized by the [https://solus-project.com/budgie/ Solus] distribution.
*[https://www.kubuntu.org/ Kubuntu] uses the KDE desktop environment
*[http://ubuntugnome.org/ Ubuntu GNOME] uses the GNOME desktop environment
*[https://ubuntu-mate.org/ Ubuntu MATE] uses the MATE desktop environment
*[http://ubuntustudio.org/ Ubuntu Studio] is designed for multimedia editing and creation
*[https://www.ubuntukylin.com/index.php?lang=en Ubuntu Kylin] is localised for China
*[http://www.edubuntu.org/ Edubuntu] is customized for educational use
*[http://www.mythbuntu.org/ Mythbuntu] is designed for creating a home theatre PC with MythTV
There are [https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DerivativeTeam/Derivatives many other derivatives of Ubuntu], but only those listed above are supported by Canonical.


== Getting Ubuntu ==
== Regular and LTS releases ==  
Every two years, Canonical releases a Long-Term Support (LTS) version of their OS. It is intended to be very stable, and is supported for five years. As a result, however, package versions are often outdated (this can be remedied through the use of PPAs though)[https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LTS].


Non-LTS, or regular releases, are released every six months. They include newer, nonetheless relatively stable, packages. This ensures that newer hardware will be supported and later versions of packages will be available. However, each version is only supported for 18 months[http://askubuntu.com/questions/16366/whats-the-difference-between-a-long-term-support-release-and-a-normal-release].


Ubuntu comes in several different versions, each featuring its own desktop environment. The main release comes with Unity, while KDE, XFCE, MATE, LXDE and Gnome are offered by Kubuntu, Xubuntu, Ubuntu MATE, Lubuntu, and Ubuntu GNOME respectively. Ubuntu Studio exists for audio, video and graphics creation. Ubuntu Kylin is a chinese variant. Mythbuntu is for MythTV setups. Edubuntu is a partner project of Ubuntu meant for classroom use.
== The Ubuntu Phone ==
The folks behind Ubuntu have also released a [http://www.ubuntu.com/phone phone] which runs said OS. There are several different [http://www.ubuntu.com/phone/devices models] and while they haven't garnered much market share yet, they've been generally well received by reviewers[http://www.webupd8.org/2015/02/ubuntu-phone-review-bq-aquaris-e45.html][http://www.techradar.com/us/reviews/phones/mobile-phones/ubuntu-phone-1139670/review][http://www.engadget.com/2015/07/24/ubuntu-phone-review/].


The current version is 15.04, which can be downloaded [http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/ here.]


== Version numbers and LTS ==  
== Why use an Ubuntu distribution? ==
 
[[File:Shuttleworth.jpg|thumb|Mark Shuttleworth, founder of Ubuntu and Canonical.]]
Every two years, Canonical releases a Long-Term Support (LTS) version of their OS. It is intended to be very stable, and is supported for five years. As a result, however, package versions are often outdated.
*Ease of use
 
*Sane defaults
Non-LTS versions are released every six months. They are the cutting-edge versions with new, but relatively stable, packages. This ensures that new hardware will be supported and later versions of packages will be available. However, each version is only supported for 18 months.
*Fantastic community and commercial support
*Uses Debian's amazing [[Package_manager#apt|apt package management system]]
*Is compatible with Debian repositories
*Extends the usefulness of apt with [https://help.launchpad.net/Packaging/PPA PPAs]
*Most software one needs is provided out of the box
*It is the brainchild of a super-wealthy astronaut and certified lunatic


== Controversy ==
== Controversy ==
Canonical, the company supporting Ubuntu, is criticized for its lack of contribution to upstream. They often fork software and change it to fit their system.
*Canonical, the company supporting Ubuntu, [http://www.datamation.com/open-source/ubuntu-pros-and-cons-1.html has been criticized for its lack of contribution to upstream in certain projects (particularly GNOME), and they often fork software, changing it to fit their system]. It should be noted that in general, Ubuntu developers do have a good relationship with Debian, and put considerable effort into contributing back to upstream in that regard[https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Upstream][https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Upstream/Guide].
 
[[Richard Stallman]] has also criticized Ubuntu, considering it malware.{{Citation needed}}


== Removing Amazon Spyware from Unity==
*[[Richard Stallman]] [http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/ubuntu-spyware.en.html has also criticized Ubuntu] because of Amazon's integration with the Unity search tool (detailed below).


<code> sudo apt-get remove unity-lens-shopping </code>
== Amazon spyware ==
 
Sadly, the flagship version of Ubuntu ships with the plague that is [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unity_%28user_interface%29 the Unity desktop environment], which formerly contained Amazon spyware/adware built right into the desktop environment's search tool. Luckily, the aforementioned has been removed in recent releases. But if you are still using one that predates 15.10, it can be painlessly removed by following the simple instructions at [http://fixubuntu.com Fix Ubuntu]. It should be known that the problematic Amazon "feature" was only present in the Unity desktop environment, and no other versions of Ubuntu, outside of the main one, are effected.
For newer Versions of Ubuntu the Website [http://fixubuntu.com fixubuntu.com] holds a copy-paste script to remove any add-ware from Ubuntu. This is not necessary with versions of Ubuntu lower than 12.10; 12.04 LTS is safe. As of January 2014, it is:
 
<pre style="white-space: pre-wrap;
white-space: -moz-pre-wrap;
white-space: -pre-wrap;
white-space: -o-pre-wrap;
word-wrap: break-word;">
V=`/usr/bin/lsb_release -rs`; if [ $V \< 12.10 ]; then echo "Good news! Your version of Ubuntu doesn't invade your privacy."; else  gsettings set com.canonical.Unity.Lenses remote-content-search none; if [ $V \< 13.10 ]; then sudo apt-get remove -y unity-lens-shopping;  else gsettings set com.canonical.Unity.Lenses disabled-scopes "['more_suggestions-amazon.scope', 'more_suggestions-u1ms.scope', 'more_suggestions-populartracks.scope', 'music-musicstore.scope', 'more_suggestions-ebay.scope', 'more_suggestions-ubuntushop.scope', 'more_suggestions-skimlinks.scope']"; fi; if ! grep -q productsearch.ubuntu.com /etc/hosts; then echo -e "\n127.0.0.1 productsearch.ubuntu.com" | sudo tee -a /etc/hosts >/dev/null; fi; echo "All done. Enjoy your privacy."; fi
</pre>


== Replacing Unity ==
== Replacing Unity ==
Like any other Linux distribution, the default desktop environment in Ubuntu [http://www.tecmint.com/remove-unity-and-install-cinnamon-and-mate-desktop-in-ubuntu-14-10/ can be easily replaced].


[http://linux-software-news-tutorials.blogspot.com.es/2012/04/totally-remove-unity-from-ubuntu-1204.html Purging Unity from 12.04.3 LTS]
For example, to switch from Unity to the Cinnamon Desktop Environment (A GNOME 3 Fork), one can do the following:
 
To install the Cinnamon Desktop Environment (A GNOME 3 Fork):
 
    $ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gwendal-lebihan-dev/cinnamon-stable
    $ sudo apt-get update
    $ sudo apt-get install cinnamon


{{bc|# apt-get remove unity unity-asset-pool unity-control-center unity-control-center-signon unity-gtk-module-common unity-lens*
# apt-get remove unity-services unity-settings-daemon unity-webapps* unity-voice-service
# add-apt-repository ppa:gwendal-lebihan-dev/cinnamon-stable
# apt-get update
# apt-get install cinnamon
}}
[[Category:GNU/Linux]]
[[Category:GNU/Linux]]
[[Category:Distros]]

Latest revision as of 04:22, 18 March 2021

Ubuntu Logo
The default desktop in Ubuntu

Ubuntu is a Debian-based GNU/Linux distribution pioneered by the evil genius and billionaire spaceman, Mark Shuttleworth, along with his company Canonical. It is aimed at being friendly to new Linux users, and is the most widely used Linux operating system in the world[1][2]. Canonical, the company behind Ubuntu, offers great technical assistance and help, in the form of forums, and commercial support. Ubuntu is an ancient African word meaning 'humanity to others'. It also means 'I am what I am because of who we all are', thus, the name Ubuntu, embodies the spirit of FOSS development. Unity, Ubuntu's former default interface, is also notable for its design philosophy, which has sparked mixed reactions amongst technology blogs and critics[3][4]. Ubuntu can be downloaded here. While the main release comes with the Gnome desktop environment, there exist a variety of officially supported variants (or "flavours") that ship with other desktop environments, some of which serve special use cases.

Ubuntu flavours

The default desktop in Xubuntu

The officially recognized variants of Ubuntu are as follows:

  • Xubuntu uses the Xfce desktop environment (and is probably the most popular *ubuntu on /g/)
  • Lubuntu uses the LXQT desktop environment
  • Ubuntu Budgie uses the Budgie desktop environment, popularized by the Solus distribution.
  • Kubuntu uses the KDE desktop environment
  • Ubuntu GNOME uses the GNOME desktop environment
  • Ubuntu MATE uses the MATE desktop environment
  • Ubuntu Studio is designed for multimedia editing and creation
  • Ubuntu Kylin is localised for China
  • Edubuntu is customized for educational use
  • Mythbuntu is designed for creating a home theatre PC with MythTV

There are many other derivatives of Ubuntu, but only those listed above are supported by Canonical.

Regular and LTS releases

Every two years, Canonical releases a Long-Term Support (LTS) version of their OS. It is intended to be very stable, and is supported for five years. As a result, however, package versions are often outdated (this can be remedied through the use of PPAs though)[5].

Non-LTS, or regular releases, are released every six months. They include newer, nonetheless relatively stable, packages. This ensures that newer hardware will be supported and later versions of packages will be available. However, each version is only supported for 18 months[6].

The Ubuntu Phone

The folks behind Ubuntu have also released a phone which runs said OS. There are several different models and while they haven't garnered much market share yet, they've been generally well received by reviewers[7][8][9].


Why use an Ubuntu distribution?

Mark Shuttleworth, founder of Ubuntu and Canonical.
  • Ease of use
  • Sane defaults
  • Fantastic community and commercial support
  • Uses Debian's amazing apt package management system
  • Is compatible with Debian repositories
  • Extends the usefulness of apt with PPAs
  • Most software one needs is provided out of the box
  • It is the brainchild of a super-wealthy astronaut and certified lunatic

Controversy

Amazon spyware

Sadly, the flagship version of Ubuntu ships with the plague that is the Unity desktop environment, which formerly contained Amazon spyware/adware built right into the desktop environment's search tool. Luckily, the aforementioned has been removed in recent releases. But if you are still using one that predates 15.10, it can be painlessly removed by following the simple instructions at Fix Ubuntu. It should be known that the problematic Amazon "feature" was only present in the Unity desktop environment, and no other versions of Ubuntu, outside of the main one, are effected.

Replacing Unity

Like any other Linux distribution, the default desktop environment in Ubuntu can be easily replaced.

For example, to switch from Unity to the Cinnamon Desktop Environment (A GNOME 3 Fork), one can do the following: 

# apt-get remove unity unity-asset-pool unity-control-center unity-control-center-signon unity-gtk-module-common unity-lens*
# apt-get remove unity-services unity-settings-daemon unity-webapps* unity-voice-service
# add-apt-repository ppa:gwendal-lebihan-dev/cinnamon-stable
# apt-get update
# apt-get install cinnamon
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