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''This article is about the Linux Kernel. For the system that the kernel runs under, see [[GNU/Linux]]''
#REDIRECT: [[Linux]]
 
Linux is a [[Unix|Unix-like]] kernel. It was created in April 1991 in University of Helsinki, Finland by [[Linus Torvalds]]. It is one of the most prominent examples of free software. It is released under [[GPL|GNU General Public License]] version 2 (GPLv2), with some proprietary binary modules.
 
Being a kernel, Linux sets the foundations for the operating system but lacks the actual userspace programs commonly associated with one. Due to historical purposes, Linux ships with GNU core utilities in order to provide a fully functional system. Due to this fact, some refer to it as [[GNU/Linux]], which is a term [[Richard Stallman]] [[Interjection|repeatedly tries to enforce]].
 
== History ==
 
While being a student in the University of Helsinki, Linus Torvalds created the kernel as a hobby. He advertised it on the [[Usenet]] group <code>comp.os.minix</code> shortly after the first alpha was created.
 
<div style="background-color: #fbfbfb; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 10px;">
Hello everybody out there using [[minix]] -
 
I'm doing a (free) operating system (just a hobby, won't be big and
professional like [[gnu]]) for 386(486) AT clones.  This has been brewing
since april, and is starting to get ready.  I'd like any feedback on
things people like/dislike in minix, as my OS resembles it somewhat
(same physical layout of the file-system (due to practical reasons)
among other things).
 
I've currently ported [[bash]](1.08) and [[gcc]](1.40), and things seem to work.
This implies that I'll get something practical within a few months, and
I'd like to know what features most people would want.  Any suggestions
are welcome, but I won't promise I'll implement them :-)
 
                Linus (torv...@kruuna.helsinki.fi)
 
PS.  Yes - it's free of any minix code, and it has a multi-threaded fs.
It is NOT protable (uses 386 task switching etc), and it probably never
will support anything other than AT-harddisks, as that's all I have :-(.
</div>
 
Soon after, the early adopters of the Linux kernel expanded greatly.
 
== Controversy ==
 
In 1992, with the growing popularity of the Linux kernel, creator of [[MINIX]] Andrew S. Tanenbaum started an argument with Linus Torvalds in the comp.os.minix newsgroup, claiming that how the Linux kernel was created, it was already obsolete. The debate was primarially about microkernels vs monolithic kernels. It is widely considered one of the earliest [[flame wars]] on the Internet.
 
In the late 1990's, [[RMS]] saw that systems that had the Linux kernel as the base were becoming more and more popular. However, these were, in fact, a [[GNU]] system because it utilizes the incomplete GNU OS that was planned to be completed with the [[GNU Hurd|Herd]] kernel. Because of this, he coined the new terms for the system: GNU/Linux (Pronounced GAHNOO slash Linux), or (and lesser used) GNU+Linux (GAHNOO plus Linux). It was advised to not simply say GNU Linux because it would imply that Linux was a creation of the GNU Project.
 
Throughout its history (as with most other [[UNIX|UNIX-Like]] systems), the Linux Kernel was challenged for patent. Many people believed that the first beta version of Linux was made from MINIX code, meaning its patent would have been violated and Linus Torvalds would have to cease and desist. While the creator of the MINIX kernel says that he believes Linux has no MINIX code, others believe that it did (or does). In addition, multiple claims were made that the use of Linux (and many other UNIX systems) is a violation of patents owned by SCO Semiconductor Group. who inherited the original patents for the UNIX system.
 
== See also ==
 
* [[Tux|Tux, The Linux Mascot]]
 
== External Links ==
 
*[https://kernel.org The Linux Kernel Homepage]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_kernel The English Wikipedia article on the Linux kernel]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanenbaum%E2%80%93Torvalds_debate The English Wikipedia article on the debate between Tanenbaum and Torvalds]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCO%E2%80%93Linux_controversies The English Wikipedia article on SCO Patent Disagreements with UNIX systems]
 
[[Category:GNU/Linux]]
[[Category:Operating systems]]

Revision as of 08:33, 7 January 2016

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