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Package manager
If you spot that the commands for the package manager of your favourite distribution are incorrect, feel free to add them or fix them in this page.
Package managers are used by some operating systems, namely the BSDs and also GNU Linux to simplify the download, installation and removal of programs in the system. Each GNU Linux distribution family, more or less has a different package manager that they think is the best that they pre-install.
GNU/Linux
apt and dpkg
The combination of dpkg and the Advanced Packaging Tool is used in Debian and most distributions that have spun off from Debian, namely Ubuntu.
| command | description |
|---|---|
| apt-get install <package> | Installs a package |
| apt-get purge <package> | removes package (with data) |
| apt-get remove <package> | removes package |
| apt-get --purge autoremove | removes orphaned packages |
| apt-get update | updates package list |
| apt-get upgrade | upgrades packages |
| apt-get full-upgrade | Upgrades the entire system, and the distro |
| apt-get clean | cleans the package-cache |
| apt-cache search <query> | search the package-cache with a query |
| apt-get build-dep <package> | downloads dependencies for building a package per apt instructions |
dnf
See page: DNF
Zypper
Zypper is a CLI front end for openSUSE's package manager, libzypp. The RPM package format is used, but the package manager itself is independent from Fedora and Red Hat.
In contrast to many other package managers, zypper does not require the user to update the repository listings manually. The 'update' function actually updates the system (in other words, it does what other package managers refer to as "upgrading".)
Commands may be given in short form as shown below, which can be expanded to their full English form, for example:
- in - install
- rm - remove
- up - update
- se - search
| command | description |
|---|---|
| zypper in <package> | installs a package |
| zypper rm <package> | removes a package |
| zypper up | updates package-cache |
| zypper se <query> | searches package-cache |
| zypper ar <repo> | add a third-party repository to the package-cache |
| zypper rr <repo> | remove a third-party repository to the package-cache |
portage
Portage is primarily used in the source-based Gentoo and Funtoo distributions, which means that Portage manipulates a ports tree and automates compilation of packages.
| command | description |
|---|---|
| emerge --sync | To update the ports tree |
| emerge --update --deep --with-bdeps=y --newuse @world | To upgrade installed packages |
| emerge --search <query> | To search for a package with a query |
| emerge <package> | To install (download and compile) a package |
| emerge --unmerge <package> | To remove a package |
| emerge --pretend <package> | To simulate the installation of a package |
| emerge --fetchonly <package> | To only download the source code of a package |
| emerge --vp <cariable> | To check USE flags for a package |
slackpkg
slackpkg is Slackware's package manager.
| command | description |
|---|---|
| slackpkg install <package> | To install a package |
| slackpkg remove <package> | To remove a package |
| slackpkg search <package> | To search for a package with a query |
| slackpkg upgrade-all | To upgrade all installed packages |
| slackpkg update | To update the package list |
| slackpkg info package | To get information on a package |
Unofficial packages
The slackpkg repositories are limited to Slackware core packages. Unofficial packages can be downloaded and added with
upgradepkg --install-new <local_package.tgz>
Slackware also supports building packages from source code or from RPM packages with Slackbuild scripts. This gives the security and flexibility of building from source with the ease of package-based management.
To build a Slackbuild, download and extract the Slackbuild tarball, download the source tarball or .rpm file and place it in the Slackbuild directory, cd into the Slackbuild directory, optionally edit the configuration file if one exists, run the PROGRAM_NAME.Slackbuild script like so:
# bash ./package.Slackbuild
After the script finishes, the last line should read "Package /tmp/PACKAGE_NAME.tgz successfuly created" if the compilation succeeded.
Install the package like so:
upgradepkg --install-new /tmp/package.tgz
pacman
See the pacman page and also yaourt for the pacman wrapper.
xbps
| command | description |
|---|---|
| xbps-install -Su | To both update the package list and upgrade all installed packages |
| xbps-install -Su <package> | To both update the package list and install a package |
| xbps-remove -R <package> | To remove a package |
*BSD
FreeBSD
Speaks for itself:
| command | description |
|---|---|
| pkg install <package> | To install a package |
| pkg delete <package> | To remove a package |
| pkg info <package> | To show a description of the package |
| pkg search <package> | To search for a package with a query |
| pkg upgrade | To upgrade all installed packages |
| pkg autoremove | To remove all orphaned packages |
OpenBSD
| command | description |
|---|---|
| pkg_add <package> | To install a package |
| pkg_delete <package> | To remove a package |
| pkg_info <package> | To show a description of a package |
OS X
On top of the App Store and the Hack Store, third-party package managers resembling those used by GNU/Linux are available.
fink
See the main page.
macports
See the main page.
brew
| command | description |
|---|---|
| brew install <package> | To install a package |
| brew uninstall <package> | To remove a package |
| brew tap <repo> | To add a third-party repo |
| brew update | Update package cache |
| brew upgrade | upgrade the system |
| brew help | Give help information for using the Brew package manager |